ABSTRACT
Due to the specialty of the profession, nursing staff often face more traumatic events in which their self-moral cognition is contrary to the reality, and gradually turn to moral injury on this basis. The level of nursing ethical literacy of nursing staff greatly affects their differences in moral cognition and the strength of moral resilience, thus determining the development and recovery of moral injury. The latest ethical code for nurses, the Expert Consensus on Nursing Ethics for the Prevention and Control of Major Infectious Diseases, has improved the rights and interests of nursing staff. The active practice of this code can help nursing staff effectively respond to the endogenous and exogenous injury sources brought about by the epidemic, eliminate negative moral cognition, improve the moral resilience of nursing staff, as well as has positive effects on the prevention of moral injury for nursing staff.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the change of pulmonary ventilation function in patients with simple type and complex type pneumoconiosis based on high resolution computed tomography(HRCT). METHODS: A total of 188 male patients with pneumoconiosis were selected as the study subjects by judgment sampling method. Patients were divided them into simple type group(104 cases) and complex type group(84 cases) according to their chest HRCT findings. Another 80 healthy men who have no dust and other occupational hazard exposure were selected as the control group. The lung function tests were performed in patients in these three groups. RESULTS: The indexes of pulmonary function including vital capacity, forced vital capacity(FVC), forced expiratory volume in one second(FEV_1), FEV_1/FVC%, peak expiratory flow, forced expiratory flow at 25% of FVC exhaled, forced expiratory flow at 50% of FVC exhaled, forced expiratory flow at 75% of FVC exhaled and forced expiratory flow at 25% to 75% of vital capacity were lower in patients with pneumoconiosis of simple type and complex type groups than that in the control group(all P<0.01). The above indexes in the complex type group were lower than that in the simple type group(all P<0.01). The detection rate of pulmonary ventilation dysfunction in patients with pneumoconiosis was 64.9%. Among them, the detection rate of obstructive, restrictive and mixed ventilation dysfunction were 33.5%, 5.3% and 26.1%, respectively. The detection rates of pulmonary ventilation dysfunction and mixed ventilation dysfunction were higher in complex type group than that in simple type group(82.1% vs 51.0%, 41.7% vs 13.5%, all P<0.01). The severe and extremely severe pulmonary ventilation dysfunction was higher in complex type group than that in simple group(20.2% vs 8.6%, 21.4% vs 3.8%, all P<0.05). CONCLUSION: The types of pulmonary ventilation dysfunction in patients with pneumoconiosis are mainly obstructive and mixed. The pulmonary ventilation dysfunction tends to develop from obstructive to mixed with the increasing severity of pneumoconiosis. The pulmonary ventilation dysfunction in patients with complex type pneumoconiosis is more serious than that in patients with simple type pneumoconiosis. The HRCT image classification is related to the status of patients' pulmonary ventilation dysfunction.
ABSTRACT
Integrity of gut barrier is the foundation of the multiple function of intestinal tract to keep normal.Dietary conditionally essential amino acids are major fuels for the small intestinal mucosa as well as important substrates for syntheses of intestinal proteins,nitric oxide and metabolic products,and are required for maintaining intestinal integrity.The article reviewed recent advances in dietary uses of functional amino acids(including glutamine,glutamate,and arginine) to enhance the gut health and immune status of animals.